Apostille Translation

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****John Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Male, born on April ten thousand eight, in the Township of Calidonia, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. Seal/Stampl: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry   Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by BRIGIDO POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry: NATIONAL SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On: 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp: 10. Signature of Officer Dorinda del Carmen Cortizo de Zanetti, Deputy Head of authentication, Ministry of Foreign Affairs REPUBLIC OF PANAMA ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL OF PANAMA BIRTH CERTIFICATE The National Civil Registry CERTIFIES Volume number that ****000**** Registration of births PANAMA Province in ***0000**** Item number is registered the birth: *****Jane Doe*****, No. Insc / Schedule: 0-000-000 Female, blood type O+, born on September twenty of two thousand and eleven, in the Township of San Francisco, district PANAMA, PANAMA Province. Son of John Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Jane Doe Senior, ID 0-000-000 Issued in the Province PANAMA, May twenty nine of two thousand eleven. Seal/Stamp: Republic of Panama, Electoral Tribunal of Panama Republic of Panama Electoral Tribunal The National Civil Registry certifies that the foregoing signature corresponding to Ivan Noel Guerra B. , Deputy National Civil Registry of Panama, on the date of this document is authentic. Panama, thirty (30) May two thousand and eleven (2011). Illegible signature Brigido Poveda Samaniego National Secretary of the Civil Registry ************************************************************************************************* Apostille (Hague Convention of October 5, 1961) 1. In Panama, 2. It was signed by Brig POVEDA S. 3. Who acts as the National Civil Registry SECRETARY 4. And it is coated seal / stamp: ELECTORAL TRIBUNAL Certified 5. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6. On 30/05/2011 7. By: Department of Authentication and Legalization 8. Under number: 9. Seal / Stamp:

Charity Concert Event for the Benefit of the HIV-positive patients Essay

The â€Å"Rock for a Cause† is a concert intended to help HIV-positive patients in the local hospital. The proceeds of the concert will all go to the local hospital to provide financial and medical   assistance to HIV-positive patients confined at the hospital. Through this commendable event, the company can help hundreds of people afflicted with this dreadful disease in alleviating their disposition.   This project was conceptualized a month ago because the company saw the need to boost its social responsibility. By venturing in this humbling project, the company can promote generosity within the work environment and awareness on the condition of HIV-positive in the hospital.   The company chose HIV-positive patients as the beneficiary of this charity concert because they are the usual victims of prejudice and negative social stigma. Through the company’s initiative,   HIV-positive patients can feel a sense of compassion from other people.   Works Accomplished Since the conceptualization of the project, the following were accomplished: Selection of the theme for the concert which will celebrate the musical hits of contemporary pop rock. Reservation of the venue for the concert which is at the the open area of the park. Processing of the legal permits and documents needed for the concert to materialize. Works in Progress The following are currently being accomplished: Drafting of line up of singers and bands who will perform at the concert. Production of promotional materials including leaflets and posters. Works to be Done The following are pending works to be accomplish: Coordination with the hospital for the proper relegation of the financial proceeds of the concert and meeting with the beneficiaries to inform them about the project. Generation of marketing campaign to promote the concert. Invitation of performers and sponsors for the concert.   So far, there were only few drawbacks experienced during the preparation phase of this project. The most common problem was the time constraint. Supposedly, 80% of the works have already been accomplished but due to limited time and human resources, many are still pending. Despite the impediments, the project is still worth pursuing because of its noble cause. To ensure that the project will run smoothly, additional staff and an extension of two weeks on the deadline are needed. Success lies in the hands of everyone who will participate in this project.

Marketing Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Techniques - Essay Example This brings to light the aspect of understanding the potential which the 15-inch LCD TV systems have within them and the manner in which the same could be exploited upon by the company rests on the shoulders of the advertising programs, sponsorship packages and rigorous sales promotions – both above the line and below the line activities could be used over a period of time. Price cuts for the 15-inch LCD TV system would not be a fair ploy since reduction in prices usually mean an inferior product produced on the part of the company which is simply not the case. Thus the best aspect of advertising programs would be to manifest that the 15-inch LCD TV system is indeed a viable option for young ones and the office places. This would immediately trigger positive sale as well as corrective word of mouth within the relevant circles. More than anything else, it will facilitate the 15-inch LCD TV system in making a mark for its own self in a short period of time. Since 70% of the potential customers opt for the 17-inch LCD TV system, it would be feasible if the 15-inch LCD TV system goes for a different segment altogether and tries its best to get in touch with them through tailored advertising messages which play a creative trick during the whole activity. It could look to entice its relevant target market with the purchase of the 15-inch LCD TV system in order to satisfy its need as well as the completion of ego or self-esteem issue. A 15-inch LCD TV system would surely live up to their expectations and indeed would look to outdo the rivals, both direct and indirect in the long run. Thus it is advisable for the managers to adopt the manner in which launch of better planned and sound advertising programs is in place – one which aims to pinpoint the campaigns in a narrow-casting fashion, aiming to find the exact audience for its purchase and then hammering the

Management and Leadership Coaching Models Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Management and Leadership Coaching Models - Essay Example , a coach will consider differences in his own and the client’s personality, knowledge, abilities and skills which will assist him to tailor the specific needs of the person (Skiffington & Zeus, 2003). Contrary to this, situational leadership model to identify the variables in the situation at hand and change their management techniques to suit to the behavioral needs of an individual or group they are influencing. It ensures that leaders adapt continuously to accommodate changing abilities of their people and complex tasks over time. Behavioral change model can be applied in organizations when assessing covert actions such as anxiety and limiting beliefs in individuals. They work in assessing emotional and environmental vents as well as providing statistical proof of change with benefits. It cannot work when defining the progress of a person based on personal traits and characteristics. On the other hand, situational leadership can be applied to leadership only and may not work in other levels of an organization structure (Escondido, 1998). It is applied to address leadership behaviors such as telling people what to do, selling information and direction to followers, participating on relationship as opposed to direction and delegating responsibility to groups while monitoring the

Economics Coursework Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics Assignment - Coursework Example iew the decisions and behavior of individual households and firms in allocating limited resources.First to be considered are the demand drivers of the Toyota sedan.Toyota Motor Corp.s sedans have remained in high demand all over the world owing to the effective quality, design, pricing and reputed brand name of the company. The Camry remains the best-selling car in the United States for 13 out of the past 14 years and has effectively beaten competition from Hyundais Sonata, Kias Optimum and Fords Fusion. One major demand determinant is the price of the product and the prices of its competitor products. Toyota, through its effective lean management policies manages to price its sedans at competitive prices in the world market and through Total Quality Management, enforces high quality and safety standards in its cars that keep the demand high.Another demand driver is the rapidly growing population of the world and the even faster growing middle class as a result of increased income, r esulting in rise in demand for normal goods such as cars. For example, in India, the middle class enjoys a 4.9% increase in its annual income.Toyota Etios sedan sales in India are expected to go up by 32% in 2012. Moreover, the changing consumer tastes and preferences also determine the profitability of Toyota sedans.Consumers today demand fuel-efficient and eco-friendly cars accompanied with a more streamlined, comfortable andluxurious design. Toyota has launched sedans that cater to its customers demands. However, the global economic recession of 2008 adversely affected the sales of all automobile companies including Toyota since the depression hit the economies and the pockets of the public(Ball et al. 2012). Among supply factors, environmental conditions are significant. The 2011 Japan Tsunami wiped off 650 of Toyotas suppliers bringing the car production to a standstill and causing it to lose its sales by 7.8% in the U.S. market. Also, the recent Thai floods have caused parts

What do you think are some of the most important events of the 20th Assignment

What do you think are some of the most important events of the 20th century that have changed the shape of human development, and why - Assignment Example This later culminated to the development of Microsoft in the year 1996. Computer invention has played significant roles in the development of humans in a number of ways. Computers have facilitated information discovery and enhanced communication. The First World War took place between 1914 and 1918 while the Second World War took place between 1939 and 1945. These two wars presented the biggest military conflicts in the history of humans. Additionally, great military alliances involving different groups of countries were formed during this time. The First World War pitied the allied powers against the central powers. Apparently, the Allied powers include France, Britain, Japan and Russia while the central powers were Germany, turkey, Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary. Conversely, the Second World War was the most heinous given the genocide against the people of Jewish orientation orchestrated by the Nazis. These two wars provided perfect opportunities for humanity to invent and display their weapons. The Second World War will be specifically be remembered because of the atomic bomb Hiroshima atomic bomb dropped in Japan by the United States (United Nations / Development Pro, 1996, p. 31). Although there have been several inventions before, the invention of the internet has had the most significant revolutions in communication and information like never before. Apparently, the internet has provided widespread information infrastructure based on its initial prototype. Its contribution to human development transcends through all the sectors of the society. The internet provides communication throughout the society by making use of online computer tools for the electronic commerce accomplishment. It also contributes to acquisition of information and several other operations within the community (United Nations / Development Pro, 1996, p. 46). The atomic bomb was the product of the invention of Otto Frisch and Professor Rudolph Peierls from the University

How Do You Define Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How Do You Define Religion - Essay Example Different people define religion differently as different belief systems are ubiquitously accepted, and there is no one way to determine who is right and who is not. Different versions of religion are accepted throughout the world. There are two different definitions of religion. One is the formal definition that is coined by the notable figures of a religion, while other is one’s individual definition. In this paper, my personal definition of religion will be presented. My personal thoughts on religion and idea of God will be explored in the paper. I believe there is God, but He is different from how different religions portray him. I am a catholic but I believe in evolution and other scientific facts and theories. My idea of God is quite different from established religions. Personal Definition of Religion Religion is formally defined as a set of belief that surrounds around a moral system and a deity. Emily Durkheim defined religion as a set of beliefs that distinguish practices that are forbidden from practices that are sacred (p. 62). A formal religion also has a host of rituals and involved worshipping of a single being.

Analysis of professional practice in Strength & Conditioning Essay

Analysis of professional practice in Strength & Conditioning - Essay Example To be a sportsperson one must attain this either on your own or through the help of strength and conditioning practitioners. Most of sports clubs have employed the scholars in this field in order to improve the environment conditions of the sportspeople. Strength and Conditioning professionals have a legal duty to provide an appropriate level of supervision and instruction in order to meet reasonable standards in the sports jurisdiction. I am going to base my analysis in football as an area where a lot of these practitioners have been employed. Familiarizing with the strength and conditioning rules before engaging in them. There is always written regulations to avoid minor and major injuries whenever a football player is engaging into the activity. The sports practitioners have a duty to inform new and continuing footballers about the rules of the field and the changes if any. This may be done by the coach in small clubs either by holding a class or by giving the players written materials as a reference. â€Å"When rules and regulations are not followed carefully the outcome having injuries or being in minor and major risks of becoming paralyzed†. (Johnson, 1885, p.1-2). This strongly approves the major reasons of employing the professionals because a club may encounter a risk of losing a good and talented player if they ignore the rules familiarity. In involving a player in the process of strength and conditioning it will also involve risks and the participants are always informed of them and sometimes required to sign a statement that effects (Paul, and Earle, 2010, 36). All professional football players mainly sign a contract which is an agreement which states how long the player should be in the club and the payments either per game or monthly. Not only this but also in he or she has to undergo medical checkups so as to establish the health legality to be in the club. If the person qualifies all these therefore she or he is

Starbucks (Globalization) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Starbucks (Globalization) - Term Paper Example According to a study conducted by the World Health Organization in 2001, there are about 150,000 to 200,000 commercial sex workers in Thailand (U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, February 25, 2009). A subsequent study conducted by the Chulalongkorn University in 2004 reported that there are about 2.8 million sex workers in the country and a large majority of these people are women and minors (U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, February 25, 2009). The most recent study conducted by the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor in the United States revealed that as of 2008, there are about 200,000 to 300,000 sex workers in the country (U.S. State Department Bureau of Democracy, February 25, 2009). According to the same office, the figure could be higher as there are many people coming into the country undocumented and many of these people end up prostitution dens. Many people come to Thailand from neighboring countries like Myanmar, Lao, Cambodia and China to find wor k but end up in some back alley prostitution dens and are forced to cater to anybody who can afford their price (The Nation, 3 January 2004). The worst part of if is that many of these people who are forced into the sex trade are minors. ... In fact, the city of Nangkon, the Phuket and the Pattaya areas are known as â€Å"primary tourist prostitution† spots and many foreign nationals come to these places for hedonistic reasons (Fox, J. (30 November 2009). Several people come to this place not only to take a vacation but to enjoy the commercial sex trade offered by different establishments in these areas. II. Sex Tourism and the Globalization of Tourist Networks   The booming international tourism industry in Thailand along with poor law enforcement is some of the primary reasons why the sex industry in the country is currently booming. According to Fox, J. (30 November 2009), the globalization of tourists networks help create a venue for pedophiles, sex offenders, prostitution rings and similar establishments to communicate with each other and do business. The rising prostitution statistics in Thailand is exacerbated by the fact that there are now many international establishments in the country and access to co mmunication is now very easy. At present, most sex tourists communicate with the local prostitution ring through the internet so it is very easy for these people to do business with minimal risk of being caught by the authorities. In most cases, tourists who come to Thailand for hedonistic reasons communicate with their hosts online so they know where to go and who to look for when they come to the country (Monk-Turner, and Turner, December 23, 2009). In fact, a number of sex tourists already have advance contracts with the local prostitution ring before they come to the country. Aside from well established prostitution rings that operation both online and offline, there are also a number of men and women who are

Db5 hhrr Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Db5 hhrr - Research Paper Example This involves removing the employee from the organization’s list of workers. This form of punishment should be used only when the mistake done by an employee is grave or when they have been warned about their mistakes severally. Yet another punishment that employers can impose on employees is suspension (hr.ubc.ca, 2013). As opposed to termination, when an employee is suspended, they are relived of their duties and seize to enjoy some of the benefits and privileges they previously enjoyed temporarily. The employer can also demote an employee for the mistakes they commit. When an employee is demoted, they lose some of the privileges they previously enjoyed and have their pay cut. This type of disciplinary action is also severe and should be reserved for serious cases. Instead of issuing such weighty disciplinary actions against an employee, an employer may issue a warning to an errant employee. The warning should carry weight and should serve to deter the employee from engaging in further inappropriate activities. Warnings should always be issued privately and should be accompanied by counselling aimed at instigating improved performance (entrepreneur.com, 2013). An employee can also be assigned an unpleasant task as a disciplinary action (hr.ubc.ca,

Video Games Are Good Essay Example for Free

Video Games Are Good Essay Video games do not cause violence or aggression towards others, but may benefit you in various ways. Video games are an optional thing to play and can be beneficial to you with interacting with others. Video games also hold an age limit for certain types of games, if the game is gory then it will most likely be for kids eighteen and older. Video games may do not only stray away from violence, they teach these kids how to handle life or death situations, it is truly for the better. Teenagers most likely a will learn violence and aggression from home, or real life situations. When young men who don’t normally play a lot of video games are exposed to violent video games, changes occur in the way their brains function, new research shows. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the scientists conducted that document altered brain response time after playing these video games. A lot of these changes had affected them in the long term also. It is proven that video games do have an affect on your brain, but it is still not proven whether the affect is positive or negative. Video games may also cause long term damage, but in my opinion are worth it because they are a great experience to play. Some may say video games do promote violence and aggression and I’m here to say, you don’t know until you can prove it. Exposing children and adolescents to violent visual media increases the likelihood that they will engage in physical aggression against another person. A single brief exposure to violent media can increase aggression in the immediate situation. One short term affect is that general arousal increases, which tends to increase the dominant behavioral tendency. A long term affect is it decreases the cognitive accessibility of nonviolent ways to handle conflict. Some may also say that video games do not promote aggression and I know this because you cant prove that they do yet. When the people say that exposing children can cause them to think aggressively and violently, there is an easy solution to this problem, do not let them play or limit the hours played. Also when they say just a brief exposure may cause this is false. This is false because when playing for a brief moment you are limited to the exposure of gore and other various violent actions will not affect your decisions in life. The long term affects can honestly happen to anyone who watches tv too much or exposed to the t screen too often. I just think that people shouldn’t tell their kids or peers to not play video games, for me especially this would be heart wrenching, I happen to love video games and can say they are a part of my life. Playing video games is trying to be labeled as a crime when it obviously is not. Most kids I know love video games, and although they can be addictive they also have a purpose in educating young adults and adolescence into knowing real life situations. Video games should not be labeled in a bad way and I for one and completely against looking at them in a negative way. Video games are good.

Militant Nonviolence Essay Example for Free

Militant Nonviolence Essay Erik Erikson, the world-renowned author of the book Gandhi’s truth has also been popular because of his stages of psychosocial development (Niolon, 2007) . The said stages are enumerated in this manner: Infancy (Birth – 18 months) wherein the main psychosocial crisis is trust vs. mistrust, Toddler (1 1/2 – 3 years) which usually involves autonomy vs. shame doubt, Play Age (3-6 years), usually involving the psychosocial crisis of initiative vs. guilt, school age (7-12 years), which often related to industry vs. inferiority, adolescence (12-19 years), identity vs. role confusion, young adulthood (20-34 years old), intimacy vs. isolation, adulthood (35-60 years), generativity vs. stagnation, and finally, late adulthood (60 years and above that is usually associated with the psychosocial crisis integrity vs. despair (Niolon, 2007) . This paper shall look into the book authored by the same person, entitled Gandhi’s truth, a book that has been said to be the acclaimed study of Mahatma Gandhi, taking the psychoanalytic theory developed by its author into consideration. This non-fictional literary work shall be analyzed based on the theory developed by the same psychoanalyst together with the discussions obtained from the book Development and Aging by Papalia, Sterns, Feldman and Camp, including topics such as health and aging, intelligence and its measurements, creativity, mature thought, wisdom and moral intelligences; education, work and leisure, etc. It has been a known fact that humans face their decline when they reach a certain age. It is often heard from different people that this kind of decline happens as most people are not as productive as they were once was in their childhood or early adulthood. This is also most prevalent in most senior citizens (Godrej, 2002). Apparently, for most studies, development stops at a certain stage . On the contrary, Erikson’s theory disproves the fact that development stops. In fact, it continues throughout the life cycle. According to the psychoanalyst and author of the very popular book, older people are not finished developing. Older people are said to come up to terms with their own morality, making them look deeper into their while lives. More often than not, they look back to the good times with gladness, at their hard times with self –respect, and finally, look at their mistakes and regrets with forgiveness (Lasch, 1969) . It is doing so that they rediscover integrity as they get ready for whatever challenges that life and death could bring upon them. On the other hand, those who remain isolated to the hurts and sadness that their life brought to them, shall be dissatisfied with the life that they have led and would easily get depressed. These are the concepts being described by Erik Erikson in his stages of psychosocial development. He has reflected these said concepts onto the life of Mohandas Gandhi, more popularly known as Mahatma or the great soul, the father of the Indian Nation. Almost everyone on the face of this planet has heard about the contributions of one of the humans who has been said to lead a great life to the history of India and the whole world (Anderson, n. d. ). He was generally known, as mentioned, as the father of the Indian nation who continuously fought for the independence of his nation from the British colonizers, despite the consequences he faced, despite his old age. Erikson’s Gandhi’s truth is generally a psychological reconstruction of Gandhi’s early years in Kathiawar on the Arabian Sea as well as his exile in London and South Africa. In the same manner, it provided an in depth analysis of the 1918 textile workers’ strike in Ahmedabad where Gandhi was first seen to practice his doctrine of Satyagraha or non violence (Lasch, 1969) . Erikson looked into the other aspects of this great man’s life that influenced his adoption of Satyagraha. The said author looked into the precocious and relentless conscience of the great soul by looking onto these said events which included the way Gandhi nursed his father, the civil servant whose career and health declined during his son’s youth, which helped him, set the pattern for a leadership that could defeat a superior opponent nonviolently (Lasch, 1969). Gandhi’s unsuccessful and premature marriage’s effect on his adoption of Satyagraha was also examined. Generally, this unsuccessful marriage of his left him in horror of his sexuality (Anderson, n. d. ). At the same time, it encouraged him to develop the religious and spiritual aspect of his life that played a very important role in his battle for the independence of his beloved country (Lasch, 1969). Of course, this has been the reason why Mahatma Gandhi started his quest for sainthood which had taken a political form. Gandhi’s leadership in the said textile strike has also been reexamined. It is where Erikson focused his study on the life of the great soul, in relation to that of his developed theory (Anderson, n. d. ). According to the said author, this has been one of the most unusual exercises in nonviolence though it led to the victory of Mahatma and the textile workers. This does not only reflect Mahatma Gandhi’s doctrine of nonviolence but his faithfulness to dharma (Lasch, 1969) . Aside from the religious life led by Mohandas K. Gandhi, more popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi, his spatial intelligence and creativity should be reconsidered. These two has contributed so much to his doctrine as he was able to devise ways, using his intelligence as a wise man in devising ways to battle their colonizers (Lasch, 1969). Generally, his spatial intelligence allowed Gandhi a better and quicker ways of correcting mistakes than other forms of political action. Gandhi’s doctrine aims to cure men of their righteous and fanatic moralism that has been said to be the cause of violence that are quite irrational (Anderson, n. d. ). It is obviously seen that Gandhi’s actions as an aged man has not declined due to the challenges he experienced during his childhood and young adulthood (Chawla, 2001). In the same manner, his doctrine of non-violence or Satyagraha has not only been affected by his deteriorating health but of his beliefs, religiousness and faithfulness to dharma that has contributed so much in his fight for the freedom of his motherland, India, the land which had been infamously known for its division brought about by differences in religion (Anderson, n. d. ). Basically, the analysis of this book, together with the psychoanalytical theory developed by Erik Erikson, has provided the psychological foundations of what has been known all over the world as great leadership and non-violence. It showed how Gandhi’s previous experiences affected his life as an aged man. As Erikson suggest, the spirit that Gandhi had ever since his childhood has influenced standardization (Anderson, n. d. ). Every individual is then encouraged to follow his own path, a path that is based on his insights with regard to the realities of the world that he is living in as well as the realities by which he or she knows his or her own self. If this perceptions turn out to be true, then the path he has taken shall be the path of truth. This is what the life of Gandhi, based on Erikson’s book showed us. His perceptions that have been developed and continuously developing throughout his own life has influenced the development of a doctrine and philosophy that has gained him the title of a great soul (Chawla, 2001) . It is through this that he was able to influence not just his countrymen but the whole world as well. Eventually, looking into the brighter side of life can do so much good to a person who is in the last stage of his psychosocial development. In Gandhi’s case, he did not allow his weaknesses to serve as barriers in his fight, instead, he utilized them in such a way that his opponents looked onto it as his strengths (Anderson, n.d. ). References Anderson, H. (1971. ) Gandhis Truth: On the Origins of Militant Nonviolence. Theology Today. Vol 28. No. 2 Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://theologytoday. ptsem. edu/jul1971/v28-2-bookreview10. htm Chawla, A. (2001). MOVING BEYOND GANDHIS TRUTH. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. samarthbharat. com/truth. htm ERIKSONS THEORY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT (2007). Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. fractaldomains. com/devpsych/erikson. htm Erikson, E. (1969). Gandhi’s Truth. Journal of Religion and Health. Volume 9, Number 3. Godrej. F. (2002). Gandhi’s Truth: Nonviolence as Epistemological Arbiter. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. allacademic. com/meta/p65025_index. html Lasch, C. (1969). One Mans Quest for Sainthood and the Revolutionary Philosophy to Which It Led. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http:// www. nytimes. com/books/99/08/22/specials/erikson-gandhi. html Niolon, R. (2007) Erickons Psychosocial Stages of Development. Retrieved December 18, 2007 from http://www. psychpage. com/learning/library/person/erikson. html

Behavior and performance of the individual

Behavior and performance of the individual INTRODUCTION A group is defined by Ivancevich et al (2008) as two or more individuals interacting with each other to accomplish a common goal. Groups are important aspect of work pattern of an organization (Mullins 2002) and a part of modern life (Ivancevich et al 2008). A group can be formal or informal (Armstrong 2009). Informal groups according to Newstrom (2007:277) Are established by the organization and have a public identity and goal to achieve while formal groups emerge on the sense of common interest, proximity and friendship. Informal groups are set up by the organization in other to achieve organizational goals while formal groups are set up by individuals for the purpose of satisfying the needs of its members (Armstrong 2009). The group used for the purpose of this study is the formal groups. This study will analyze the impact the group has on the individual, factors affecting the behavior of the individual, human relations theory and the factors affecting the behavior and performance of the individual in the group. IMPACT OF THE GROUP ON THE INDIVIDUAL The performance of a group depends on how well its members engage in communication with each other or interacts with each other and also on how the individual learns in the group (Mullins 2002). Mullins (2002:465) argues that how people behave and perform as members of a group is as important as their behavior or performance as individuals. Usually, lack of interaction between the individual and members of the group will have effect on the performance of the group as well as the individual in the group and result to lack of satisfaction for the individual (Mullins 2002). It is believed that the group generates better ideas than the individual does, by drawing resources from individual members of the group (brainstorming), the group thereby brings in more ideas and input into decision process than a single person can (Robbins 2001). In one of my experiences in a group I learnt that groups can be rewarding to the individual because an individual can actually learn from other members of the group. I joined a decoration group in my church and we were told to decorate the church for a program, we all had our ideas on how we want the decoration to look like but instead of pursuing personal goals we brought our ideas together and we came up with a better idea and I also learnt things I did not know before, also I found the experience challenging because I had to think beyond what I know in other to be able to contribute but at the end I left with more knowledge than I went in with. It is also believed; however, that group ideas can hinder creative thinking, in other words, individuals will ignore their idea in other to conform to the idea of the group (Mullins 2002). For example, as a member of a group of four in one of my classes in Salford University, we were asked to solve a particular question, we were different people with different beliefs, attitudes, perception, culture and behavior, however, three out of four were in agreement but one particular person in the group had a different idea from what the rest of us had and was trying so hard to convince us which was impossible because it was one against three, in other to avoid conflict the individual had to ignore the idea and agree with that of the group. Groups bind the individual and members of the group in togetherness and in other to be in togetherness, individuals have to see themselves as members of the group and not isolate themselves in other for them to achieve the goal of the group and also to meet their needs (Robbins 2001). Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) discussed the work of Tayfel and Tunner (1986) who argued that as long as individuals see themselves as more important than the group the group cannot function effectively. However, It is believed that individuals have different needs or reasons for joining or been in a group and it can be the need to fulfill social needs, achieve group goals or to derive greater economic benefits or for social security reasons, which is believed that groups can serve as a medium of meeting these needs of the individual (Ivancevich et al 2008) and in other to remain a member of the group and to meet these needs the individual must set aside their personal goal to achieve the groups goal ( N ewstrom 2007). FACTORS AFFECTING INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR There are different types of ways of explaining the behavior of the individual in a group; they are Perception, Attribution, Orientation, Role and branded rationality (Armstrong 2009). Perception is one way of explaining the behavior of an individual in a group. Perception according to Maund (2001: pg 444) is the process by which individuals interpret sensory impression so that they can assign meaning to it. Perception is when an individual gives meaning or interprets the things happening around them and people tend to perceive situation that satisfies needs, emotions, attitudes or their self concept (Ivancevich et al 2008). Members of a group can see the same thing or be in the same situation but their interpretation of the situation will be different from each other based on how they see it (Mullins 2007). Attribution according to Luthans (2002:197) refers to how people explains the cause of anothers or their behavior. Attribution can be the way people interpret the situation they are in (Armstrong 2009). Attribution can lead to conflict in a group because the way one person see things (perception) may not be the same way another sees the same thing (Armstrong 2009). While Orientation can be said to be an individuals attempt to make sense of life which can be different from that of the group (Armstrong 2009). Role is the part played by the individual in caring out their duties (Armstrong 2009). There is a particular role expected from the members of the group once they have lived to the expectation of the role then it is believed they have performed their role successfully and it is believed that this role shapes the individuals behavior (Armstrong 2009). While branded rationality can be said to be the ways individuals understands how complicated the situation they are in is and their reaction to the situation limits the way they behave rationally (Armstrong 2009). Huczynski and Buchanan (2005:279) discuss the work of Marion Hampton (1999)who argues that groups are seen as taking over the individuals mind, depressing intelligence, eliminating moral responsibility and forcing conformity, they can cause their members a great deal of suffering and despair and can perpetuate acts of cruelty. There are various factors affecting the individual in the group, But before explaining that we are going to analyze a theory that explains what effect a group has on the individual. HAWTHORNES THEORY (Human relations approach) The theory that explains the effect of groups on the individuals behavior and performance is the Hawthorne experiment of the human relations theory written by Elton Moyo (Mullins 2002). The experiment is called the bank wiring observation room experiment; the experiment was carried out on 14 men who were organized into three subgroups which contained three wires, a supervisor and an inspector that moved around the group (Moorhead and Griffin 1995). After the study there were two major findings; The level of interaction that was observed among the men showed the existence of informal groups within the three groups and, It was also revealed that these groups develop norms or rules that guides behavior and also set structures to enforce the rules (Moorhead and Griffin 1995) The hawthorns researcher found that the group established a level of output for its members (Mullins 2002). They found out that the group did not produce up to what they are capable of producing; they produced below their capability which had effect on their earning because their output was low(Moor head and Griffin 1995). The group produced a specific level of output for its members which are the only accepted level of production, in other to be accepted the individual has to slow down production when getting close to the accepted level of production in other not to over produce (Moorhead and Griffin 1995). Moorhead and Griffin (1995) discuss the work of Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) who points out that The social organization of the bank wiremen performed a twofold function which is to protect the group from internal indiscretions and to protect the group from outside interference. Moorhead and Griffin (1995) also points out that almost all the activities carried out by the group can be said to be a means of controlling the behavior of its members. The research shows that peer pressure has more effect on the individual than things that may encourage the individual and forces of control or orders from management, individuals would rather do things required by the group than doing things that would encourage or reward their actions (Mullins 2002). This theory shows how working in a group can be both challenging an rewarding for the individuals which leads us to the factors affecting the performance and behavior of the individual in the group. FACTORS AFFECTING THE INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCE IN THE GROUP Group norms Norms according to Greenberg and Baron (2008) can be defined as the generally agreed upon informal rules that guides the behavior of the members in a group. Norms influence group behavior and refer to what should be done and also represents value judgment and appropriate behavior in social situations (Psyblog 2010). Norms are of great importance to groups in controlling behavior and in measuring performance (Hanh 2007). Groups have norms that are set to guide members behavior (Greenberg and Baron 2008) and also to reduce ambiguity in terms of behavior that are of importance to the group (Rollinson 2005). Norms are set up in groups which the individual must conform with and groups have ways of making the individual conform to such norms (Rollinson 2005). Norms keeps the group functioning as a system instead of as a collection of individuals and members of the group come together to achieve a common goal instead of pursing individual groups (Hanh 2007). Groups do not set rules or norm for every situation but only set rules for situations that are of importance to the members of the group which could be in relation to their job or how they communicate with each other or with others outside the group (Hanh 2007). Group norms makes life predictable, individuals know what is expected of them, know their roles and how much time to spend in the execution of their job, know the values and beliefs and the image of the group, and subscribe to the norms of the group (Rollinson 2005). Norms are usually assessed to know if group members are interacting with each other which can be rewarding and which gives the individuals a sense of belonging (Heathfield 2010). Group members come together to develop the group norms which gives the individual a feeling of belonging, sense of identity and feelings of security because they were part of the making of the rules (Brooks 2005). Norms are believed to be of importance because some members may harm the project or the success of the group with their behavior or action unintentionally but if there is agreed upon framework of interaction, misunderstandings and negative conflicts in the group can be prevented (Heathfield 2010). However, group norms can have negative effect on the individual (Armstrong 2009). According to Psyblog (2010) who argues that groups rarely come up with great ideas because the individual in them are powerfully shaped by group norms and the rules of what people are and how they must behave it is believed that changes are hard to spot unless they are carefully measured, individuals deny their own beliefs, ideas and senses just to conform with the groups even if they are wrong (Psyblog 2010).it is believed that, Norms serves as a form of constraint to the individuals, it hinders them from thinking freely because they would not want to think outside the group norms or the groups way of doing things, individuals can not pursue their personal goal, can not see things from their point of view because it might clash with the goals of the group (Psyblog 2010). Social Support Social support according to Dalgard (2009) is receiving help from other people when in need of help. An individual can receive support among groups of people who have a similar problem to what they have and in their relationship with others be it their family or friends (Curtis 2009). Curtis (2009) argues that if you have a support network you will not feel as alone; you will learn new ways to deal with your problem and may try harder to overcome it. Group members can serve as as a source of support, advice and encouragement to an individual facing any difficulty and also the individual can be a source of support to the group (Curtis 2009). Individuals in a group can benefit from the members of the group while members who are not part of the group cannot enjoy such benefits, having friends to talk with, to gain insight from, to listen to during times of need or borrow money from, all this are forms of support (Scott 2007). Social support makes the individual safe and gives them a feeling of being loved and cared for (Rollinson 2005). In one of my experience when I was writing my final dissertation for my bachelor degree, I wrote on the societal support for the elderly people in my community and I had the privilege working with the elderly people in that community and I found out that most of them lack social support from their family and friends, in other to feel loved, feel secure or have a feeling that they belong they had to join a group with the believe that the group would be able to meet their needs. Peer Pressure Peer pressure is another factor that has effect on the behavior of the individual in the group. Peer pressure is when other people impose pressure on a person (Nemours 2010). Peers have influence over others, by listening to other people a person learns from them and they also learn from the individual (Nemours 2010). Some individuals usually join groups in other to fit in, so in other to fit in the individual goes along with the idea of the group and sets aside their idea and go along with the groups idea to avoid being bullied by the other members of the group (Nemours 2010). However, peer pressure can have a positive impact on the individual because it can push the individual into doing the things they have no courage of doing or talking the individual out of doing things thats not in their best interest (Wilmer 2010). Individual Accountability Individual accountability can be defined as an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for ones action (McDaniel 2007). Individual accountability is a foundational component as it evaluates an individual core competence, strength and weaknesses (McDaniel 2007). Its the individual taking responsibility for their action in carrying out their duty or them being accountable for their duties (McDaniel 2007). The individual must be accountable for achieving its goal and for its contribution to the group, individual accountability occurs when performance is assessed and the result are given back to the group and the individual in other to ascertain who needs more support, encouragement and assistance (Cooperate learning center 2009). Accountability is not to punish mistake or to generate immediate result but to ensure the individual gives all their best in the achievement of goals and behaving responsible to one another (Luthans 2002). By empowering them over job pe rformance and then holding them accountable for the outcomes (Newstrom 2007). Conflict Rollinson (2005:401) defines conflict as the behavior of an individual or a group when purposely sets to block or inhibit another group or individual from achieving its goals. Competition is one of the main causes of conflict in a group, when the members of a group are in competition against each other it can lead to conflicting interest (Rollonson 2005). Some groups encourage competition because they believe that when members of the group compete against each other it will result to successful performance or quick performance but mostly it might lead to conflict (Rollinson 2005). However, Vodosek (2007) argues that Researchers have noted that high level of task conflict can lead to reduced member satisfaction and commitment to the group Individual have different interest, skills, personality and attributes which may act as cohesion or a clash in the group (Brooks 2009). Some individuals tend to work towards achieving personal goals by doing so they tend to ignore the goals of the group and focus more on achieving their personal goals which might lead to conflict in the group (Newstrom 2007). CONCLUSION It can be assumed that, groups have both positive and negative effect on the individual, and for the individual, being a member of a group can be rewarding as well as challenging as working alone. Working alone as an individual might lead to a quick decision making but working in a group can lead to a more effective decision making, because it is a group of people with different ideas, perception, attributes and behavior coming together to form the group (Rollinson 2001), also the individual can also learn from the other members of the group. However, it is believed that there is no ideal individual for a particular job, that no individual can have all the necessary qualities needed for a job but a group of individuals can, and when they come together with their different qualities it can lead to a successful decision making (Antony Jay, cited by Mullins 2002). REFERENCES Armstrong, M. (2009) Armstrongs Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 9th edn, Kogan Page, London. Brooks, I. (2009) Organizational Behavior: Individual, Groups and Organisation, 4th edn, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Cooperative Learning Center (2009) Cooperative Learning Co-operation.org www.co-operation.org/pages/cl.html#accountability [Accessed 10/03/2010]. Curtis, J. (2010) Support groups and social support Yahoo.com health.yahoo.com/mentalhealth-treatment/support-groups-and-social-support/healthwise-ug4350spec.html [Accessed 11/03/2010]. Dalgard, O.S. (2009) Social Support: Definition and Scope Euphix.org www.euphix.org/object_document/o5479n27411.html [15/03/2010]. Elizabeth Scott, M.S (2007) Social Support: The Hows and Whys of Cultivating a circle of friends About.com Guide stress.about.com/od/relationships/a/circleoffriends.htm [11/03/2010].s Greenberg, J., Baron, R.A. (2008) Behavior in Organizations, 9th edn, Pearson Education, New Jersey. Hahn, M. (2007) Group norms in organizations ArticleGratuits.com www.en.articlesgratuits.com/group-norms-in-organizations-id1546.php [15/03/2010]. Heathfield, S.M. (2010) How to develop group norms About.com Guide humanresources.about.com/od/teambuilding/ht/group_norms.htm [15/03/2010]. Huczynski, A. A., Buchanan, D.A. (2007) Organizational Behavior, 6th edn, Prentice Hall, Harlow. Ivancevich, J M, Konopaske, R, Matteson, M T (2008) Organizational Behavior and Management, 8th edn, McGraw-Hill/Irwin, Newyork. Luthans, L. (2002) Organizational Behavior, 9th edn, McGraw-Hill, Newyork. Maund, L. (2001) Introduction to Human Resource Management: Theory and Practice, Palgrove, London. McDaniel, D. (2007) How Important is Individual Accountability www.everyjoe.com/articles/how-important-is-individual-accountability-198/ [Accessed 10/03/2010] Moorhead, G. Griffin, R.W. (1995) Organizational Behavior: Managing People and Organizationa, 4th edn, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Mullins, L. J. (2002) Management and Organizational Behavior, 6th edn, Pearson, Harlow Nemours (2010) Dealing with peer pressure Kidshealth.org kidshealth.org/kid/feeling/emotion/peer_pressure.html [13/03/2010] Newstrom, J. W. (2007) Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work, 12th edn, McGraw-Hill, Newyork. Psyblog (2010) Why group norms kill creativity, Spring.org.uk www.spring.org.uk/2009/06/why-group-norms-kill-creativity.php [Accessed 11/03/2010]. Robbins, S.P (2001) Organizational Behavior, 9th edn, Prentice Hall, New Jersey Rollinson, D. (2005) Organisational Behaviour Analysis: An integrated Approach, 3rd edn, Pearson Education, Harlow. Vodosek, M. (2007) Intergroup conflict as a mediator between cultural diversity and work group, International Journal of Conflict Management, Volume 18, Issue 4 Wilmer, D. (2010) The difference between negative and positive peer pressure About.com Guide parentingteens.about.com/cs/peerpressure/a/peer_pressure.htm [Accessed 23/03/2010].

Toys R Us Sold Essay -- essays research papers

Toys R Us is the world's largest children's specialty retailer. The company operates toy stores throughout the world and is publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange. In this paper I will give a brief company history, cite where the competitive environment is coming from, strategies that were attempted, and where they stand today. Toys R Us founder Charles Lazarus opened the first Toys R Us store in Rockville in 1957. The company went public in 1978 and evolved into a powerful international toy vendor, with Kids R Us, Babies R Us and Toyrus.com. It operated 638 stores in the United States and 579 outside the country. Although Toys R Us participates in the Specialty Retail industry, it has identified its major competitors not as other specialty toy retailers, but as department and discount stores, including Wal-Mart, Kmart and Target. Within the specialty retail segment, Toys R Us competes against FAO Schwartz and K-B Toys. The discount and department stores against which Toys R Us competes do not break down their revenue by product segment, so it difficult to gauge the market share of toys that these stores generate. However, as the company moves into additional segments, including children's apparel, it will be competing against these retailers in other segments, as well. In the specialty toy retail segment, Toys "R" Us enjoys a significant market share over both K-B Toys and FAO Schwartz. Toys R Us Inc. revolutionized the toy industry more than four decades ago with its big-box, low-price stores. Toys R Us may be synonymous with toys, but also has its fastest-growing business in Babies R Us, which sells children's clothes, furniture and accessories. The company opened new stores and planned to build new additional Babies R Us stores. Toys R Us ventured into a partnership with Amazon.com to improve the e-commerce division of their business. Internet retailing was cutting into the profits and the market share of Toys R Us. This financial effect was the reason they the needed to improve and establish themselves in the Internet market. This Internet market was clearly the way the trend was going, as indicated by the growth of retailers such as eToys.com and SmarterKids.com. Toys R Us needed to establish itself in this market, since bricks and mortar retai... ...strategy when the initial downsizing failed to take them out of the red or gain back lost market share. In closing Toys R Us needed capital and new ideas. They final option was to sell and bring in new investors with new ideas. The sale has already had a good sign. After the report of the sale shares jumped 5% on the New York Stock Exchange. This could be the start of their comeback. References 1. Annual Report.(2001). Montvale, NJ: Toys R Us, Inc. 2. Annual Report.(2003). Montvale, NJ: Toys R Us, Inc. 3. Elder, L.(1999, December 3). Many happy returns. Houston Business Journal 4. Raven, M. E. (2000, October). Seventh Circuit affirms FTC's ruling that Toys "R" Us led illegal boycott. Corporate Counsel (7), p. A6. 5. Bhatnagar, P.(2005). Group To Buy Toys R Us For $6.6B. CNN/Money. 6. Barbaro, M.(2004). Toys R Us Restructuring. Washington Post. 7. Wettlaufer, D.(1999, August). Is Toys R Us Toying with E-commerce? http://aolsnapshot.fool.com/news/1999/toy990817.htm

Shadow Of A Doubt Essay examples -- essays research papers

Shadow of a Doubt Shadow of a Doubt is an Alfred Hitchcock film that was shot on location in the 1940's town of Santa Rosa, California. The town itself is representative of the ideal of American society. However, hidden within this picturesque community dark corruption threatens to engulf a family. The tale revolves around Uncle Charlie, a psychotic killer whose namesake niece, a teenager girl named Charlie, is emotionally thrilled by her Uncles arrival. However her opinion slowly changes as she probes into her mysterious uncle. In the film, director/producer Alfred Hitchcock blends conventions of film noir with those of a small town domestic comedy as a means of commenting on the contradictions in American values. In the beginning the film is immediately set up in the film noir style. Under the opening credits a shadowy backround image is shown kaleidoscopically. Couples dressed in elegant ballroom gowns and suits waltz together dizzyingly as the "Merry Widow Waltz" plays. The scene has nothing to do with the drama to follow (until Charlie's crimes are revealed.) The titles dissolve in to a panoramic view of a bridge, further dissolves take us first to junkyard and then to a scene of children playing in the street. The city is shown as a dirty, dark place. We are taken to a Philadelphia rooming house (shown with a number 13 on the door.) Inside we are introduced to "Uncle Charlie" (Joseph Cotten). He is reclining stiffly in bed during the day in a seedy room. . He plays with the phallic cigar that he is smoking, seemingly bitter and cynical. On the bedside table next to seemingly indifferent and fatigued man is and an open billfold with a carelessly strewn pile of bill s on top (some of the bills have fallen to the floor and lie strewn around). The overweight, middle-aged landlady knocks on the door and enters, identifying him as Mr. Spencer and informing him that two men have been asking for him. As per his instructions to not disturb him, she didn't let them in, however, they have not left, instead they retreated to the street corner to stake out the boarding house. Noticing that he looks exhausted and depressed (he passively remains on his bed during their entire conversation), she suggests that he should get some rest. Then she notices his money cluttered all about and hurries forward to straighten it ... ...of all responsibility (for, of course, there is no way that a normal person could ever kill.) In keeping with this principle the film attempts to absolve Young Charlie from all responsibility in her Uncle's death, for it is seen as an accident that occurred when Young Charlie was fighting her Uncle in self-defence. In the final stages of the film we are brought back to the small town introduced to us in the beginning, this time, however, it is in morning for a beloved son. Charlie's death has brought Graham back to Young Charlie. We can see the good side has won the battle for her. As in early situational Charlie has learned her moral lesson and the episode may end. This paper has attempted to investigate the ways in which Alfred Hitchcock blended conventions of film noir with those of a small town domestic comedy. It first looked at the opening scenes of the film in which the two conventions were introdruced. It then went on to analyse the film with the aid of Robin Wood's article Ideology, Genre, Auteur. From these two forms we can see that film noir and small town comedy were used as a means of commenting on the contradictions in American values.

Masters, Slaves, and Subjects Essay -- Robert Olwell Charles Towne Ess

Masters, Slaves, and Subjects In his book â€Å"Masters, Slaves, and Subjects†, Robert Olwell examines the complex relationships and power structures of colonial-era Charles Towne. Charles Towne, as Charleston was known in the years between its founding and its independence from the British Empire, is portrayed by Olwell as dominated by a rigid agrarian slave society which served as an intermediary in a more complex power structure that extended from the royal halls of London to the plantation fields of the Lowcountry. In examining the complicated web of relationships between London and the colony, and Masters and Slaves, Olwell argues that the economic and political structure of Charles Towne was based upon a successive series of carefully-maintained power-based relationships. CHARLES TOWNE: A GATEWAY TO POWER Power in Charles Towne was centralized at what became known as the Four Corners of Law, at Broad and Meeting Streets, and radiated outward across the Lowcountry. The Four Corners were home to the State House, where the Colonial Assembly met, St. Michael’s Church, the heart of the Church of England in the colony, the Town Watch House, which kept the slave population in check, and the public marketplace, where the commerce that was vital to the colony’s economy took place (19). One could easily see power was centralized within Charleston, not just over the local area, but also statewide. Of the forty-eight members of the colonial Assembly, twenty-eight lived within a day’s horse ride of the city. Half of the justices of the colony, who took an oath to defend â€Å"King and Country†, were either sitting or former members of the Assembly, and all of the justices were slave owners (... ...constitution officially separated church and state, ending the power of the Anglican Church forever (282). With this, the last ties to Mother England were cast off, and the elite were secure as Masters of their world, and Subjects to none. CONCLUSION Colonial Charles Towne had evolved into a sort of fuedal city-state governed by power-based relationships, which established roles for everyone from the lowest slave to the economic and political elite who ruled the colony. These relationships were vital to the success and stability of the city and the lands and the people over which it held power. In his book, Robert Olwell clearly identified defines the roles of Master, Slave, and Subject, and made a strong argument that, right or wrong, this system of power-based relationships was the key to the success, prosperity, and security of the colony.

Education Background

Qian Zhang 151 Washington Ave. Apt. E, Rutherford, NJ, 07070 (660) 541-2361 [email  protected] com Objective To obtain the Assistant position. Education Background Bachelor of Science in Financial Management, Northwest Missouri State University, Maryville, MO * GPA: 3. 59, December 2010 Curriculum of Financial Management Finance—Microeconomics, Macroeconomics, Business Law I, Fundamental of Business Finance, Intermediate Finance Management, Financial Institutions, Investment Principles, Selected Cases in Finance * Accounting—Accounting I & II, Tax Accounting, Intermediate Accounting I, * Math—College Algebra, Calculus, Economic Mathematics, Statistics * Computer Science—Computer and Information Technology, MIS, * Management—Principles of Management, International Business, Managerial Communication, Operations Management, Human Resources Management, Organizational Behavior and Theory, Negotiation, Business Society, Organizational Policy and Decisi on-Making Awards and Scholarships * Northwest Transfer Scholarships every semester referred to GPA and campus activities * Edward Jones and Company Award Scholarship of Finance department * Society of International Ambassadors Scholarship Award * Nominee of the Outstanding Student of the First Student Organization and Leadership Award Work Experience Office Coordinator ~ Business/International and Intercultural Center, Maryville, MO August 2009 – December 2010 Improved the cooperation between university and international partners, assisted the supervisor on all kinds of projects and meetings * Provided support for partners and students by sending information and documents and communicating with international students, giving them advice and introducing regulations * Developed and updated webpage information for international partners, potential and current students * Scheduled, hosted and attended various visits, meetings and banquets * Worked with coworkers and other functio nal departments or work independently on the projects, and followed up on the progress and feedbacks of projects * Organized the hiring event, including filtering CVs and interviewing candidates, * Coordinated orientations, prepared training programs and trained new employees * Communicated with all international organizations time from time to make sure all activities are undergoing with regards to the bylaws of Northwest Missouri State University Accounting Assistant, Full Time Intern ~ eGTran Inc. , Camarillo, CA June 7 – July 30, 2010 * Prepared journal entries for accounting supervisor Keyed in data from forms, correspondence, reports, and other documents * Maintained accounts of internal departments and external agencies and did budgeting * Maintained and updated records of monthly and quarterly financial statements such as Balance Sheet, Cash Flow, Income Statement and Statement of Retained Earnings, prepared payroll * Worked with other departments to adjust all accoun ts timely and effectively * Did some other agendas as assigned by supervisor Translator~ Melvin D. and Valorie G. Booth College, Maryville, MO September- December 2009 * Translated English documents and class categories into Chinese * Volunteer as a translator of the communication activity between USDA and Ministry of Health P. R. China Office Assistant ~Business/ Intercultural and International Center, Maryville, MO June – August 2009 Received, answered phone calls and scheduled appointments * Assisted other staff and other departments on various projects and assignments, provided supports with office machines, such as fax machine, scanner, copy machines * Promoted to be the Office Coordinator Leadership Activities and Volunteer Experience * Leader of Student Orientation – Assisted and guided new students * Leader of Junior Achievement – Hosted business classes and organized related activities * Secretary of International Student Organization—Held annual banquet and organized various activities to help international students communicate with American communities * Member of Delta Mu Delta, International Honor Society in Business Administration * Member of Financial Management Association * Member of Asian Student Association * Currently studying CFA contents Skills Language—Native in Mandarin (Chinese Proficiency Certificate holder), Fluent in English (both written and spoken), Basic in Japanese * Computer—Microsoft Office Suite Interests * Reading—Learn various knowledge from books * Sport—Exercise to make body strong * Fine Arts—Is fond of Chinese calligraphy * Travelling—Experience diverse cultures and adapt myself with different environments References * Dr. Chi Lo Lim, Chairman of Marketing and Management Department, Northwest Missouri State University 660-562-1758 * Dr. Jeffrey Foot, Director of International and Intercultural Center, Northwest Missouri State University 660-562-1367 * Caroline Merker, Controller of eGTran Inc. , 805-482-1088

Filipino Women Writers and Jose Garcia Villa Essay

Estrella D. Alfon (July 18, 1917 December 28, 1983) was a intimately-know prolific Filipina author who wrote in side. Beca occasion of continued poor health, she could manage good-tempered an A. A. degree from the University of the Filipinos. She wherefore became a genus Phallus of the U. P. sources club and earned and was given the privileged post of National Fellowship in Fiction post at the U. P. fanciful physical composition Center. She died in the grade 1983 at the age of 66. Estrella Alfon was born in Cebu urban center in 1917. Unlike other writers of her time, she did not come from the intelligentsia.Her p bents were shopkeepers in Cebu. 1 She attended college, and analyze medicine. When she was mistakenly diagnosed with tuberculosis and sent to a sanitarium, she resigned from her pre-medical education, and left with an Associate of liberal arts degree. Alfon has some(prenominal) children Alan Rivera, Esmeralda Mimi Rivera, Brian Alfon, Estrella Twinkie Alfon, and Rita Daday Alfon (deceased). She has 10 grandchildren. Her youngest daughter, was a stewardess for Saudi Arabian Airlines, and was break apart of the Flight 163 cluster on gilded 19, 1980, when an in-flight fire compel the aircraft to land in Riyadh.A slow up evacuation resulted in the death of everyone alongside the flight. Alfon died on December 28, 1983, following a heart attack suffered on-stage during Awards night of the manila Film Festival. Professional She was a assimilator in Cebu when she origin make her go around stories, in periodicals such as graphical Weekly Magazine, Filipino Magazine, and the Sunday Tribune. She was a degreewriter, playwright, and journalist. In spite of being a proud Cebuana, she wrote well-nigh exclusively in English. She published her foremost off story, Grey Confetti, in the Graphic in 1935.She was the however effeminate ingredient of the Veronicans, an avant garde group of writers in the mid-thirties led by Francisco Arcellan a and H. R. Ocampo, she was as well as regarded as their muse. The Veronicans ar recognized as the first group of Filipino writers to write almost exclusively in English and were organize prior to the World War II. She is overly reportedly the most prolific Filipina writer prior to World War II. She was a regular contri howeveror to worldly concernila-based national times, she had several(prenominal) stories cited in Jose Garcia Villas annual note rolls.Alfon was one writer who unashamedly pull from her own real-life experiences. In some stories, the first-person bank clerk is Estrella or Esther. She is not just a writer, but one who consciously refers to her exertion of writing the stories. In other stories, Alfon is still easily identifiable in her first-person reminiscences of the gone evacuation during the Japanese occupation alienation from a husband life later on the war. In the Espeleta stories, Alfon uses the editorial we to indicate that as a member of that community, she shares their feelings and responses towards the incidents in the story. tho she sometimes slips back to being a first-person storyteller. The impression is that although she shares the sentiments of her neighbors, she is still a unmistakable personality who detaches herself from the scene in prescribe to belowstand it better. This device of separating herself as narrator from the other characters is contained within the larger scheme of ? distantiation? that of the writer from her strongly autobiographical material. Thelma E. Arambulo In the 1950s, her light story, Fairy Tale for the metropolis, was condemned by the Catholic League of the Philippines as being obscene.3 She was even brought to coquet on these charges. While many of her faller writers did stand by her, many did not. These events woe her deeply. 1 In spite of having only an A. A. degree, she was finally appointed as a professor of germinal Writing at the University of the Philippines, manil a paper. She was a member of the U. P. Writers Club, she held the National Fellowship in Fiction post at the U. P. Creative Writing Center in 1979. 5 She would alike serve on the Philippine be on of Tourism in the 1970s. Stories * Magnificence and some other Stories (1960)* Stories of Estrella Alfon (1994) (published posthumously) * Servant Girl ( unequal story) * English Jose Garcia Villa Jose Garcia Villa (August 5, 1908 February 7, 1997) was a Filipino poet, literary critic, short story writer, and painter. He was awarded the National Artist of the Philippines cognomen for literary productions in 1973 as well as the Guggenheim Fellowship in inventive writing by Conrad Aiken. He is know to have introduced the reversed union fit scheme in writing poetry, as well as the extensive use of punctuation marksespeciallycommas, which make him known as the Comma Poet.He apply the penname Doveglion (derived from Dove, Eagle, Lion), based on the characters he derived from himself. T hese animals were also explored by another poet e. e. cummings in Doveglion, Adventures in Value, a numbers dedicated to Villa. Villa was born on August 5, 1908, in Manilas singsong district. His parents were Simeon Villa (a personal physician of Emilio Aguinaldo, the showing chairwoman of the initiatory Philippine Republic) and Guia Garcia (a wealthy landowner). He gradatory from the University of the Philippines Integrated School and the University of the Philippines lavishly School in 1925.Villa enrolled on a Pre-Medical course in the University of the Philippines, but then(prenominal)ce switched to Pre-Law course. However, he realized that his true beloved was in the arts. Villa first tried painting, but then turned into creative writing by and byward reading Winesburg, Ohio by Sherwood Anderson. Writing career Villas tart poeticalal course was considered too aggressive at that time. In 1929 he published Man Songs, a series of erotic poems, which the administrators in UP found too heady and was even fined Philippine peso for obscenity by the Manila Court of First Instance.In that very(prenominal) year, Villa won top hat Story of the Year from Philippine vacate Press cartridge clip for Mir-I-Nisa. He also received P1,000 prize money, which he utilize to migrate to the United States. He enrolled at the University of New Mexico, wherein he was one of the founders of Clay, a mimeograph literary magazine. He graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree, and chased post-graduate work at Columbia University. Villa had gradually caught the attention of the countrys literary circles, one of the few Asians to do so at that time.After the publication of annotate to Youth in 1933, Villa switched from writing prose to poetry, and published only a handful of kit and caboodle until 1942. During the release of Have Come, Am here in 1942, he introduced a unseasoned rhyming scheme called reversed consonance wherein, according to Villa The last sounded c onsonants of the last syllable, or the last principal consonant of a word, are reversed for the corresponding rhyme. Thus, a rhyme for near would be concord or rain, green, reign. In 1949, Villa presented a poetic style he called comma poems, wherein commas are placed after every word.In the preface of Volume Two, he wrote The commas are an integral and essential part of the culture medium regulating the poems communicatory density and time gallery enabling each word to attain a fuller tonal value, and the line movement to become more measures. Villa worked as an coadjutor editor for New Directions Publishing in New York City between 1949 to 1951, and then became director of poetry workshop at City College of New York from 1952 to 1960. He then left the literary scene and grueling on teaching, first lecturing in The New School.The New School for neighborly Research from 1964 to 1973, as well as conducting poetry workshops in his apartment. Villa was also a pagan attache t o the Philippine tutelage to the United Nations from 1952 to 1963, and an adviser on cultural affairs to the President of the Philippines beginning 1968. stopping point On February 5, 1997, at the age of 88, Jose was found in a coma in his New York apartment and was rushed to St. Vincent hospital in the Greenwich area. His death deuce geezerhood later was attributed to cerebral stroke and multilobar pneumonia.He was buried on February 10 in St. Johns Cemetery in New York, wearing a Barong Tagalog. person-to-person In 1946 Villa wed Rosemarie Lamb, with whom he has deuce sons, Randy and Lance. They annulled ten geezerhood later. He also has three grandchildren. Works As an editor, Villa first published Philippine terse Stories Best 25 Short Stories of 1928 in 1929, an anthology of Filipino short stories written in English literature English that were mostly published in the literary magazine Philippine Free Press for that year.It is the chip anthology to have been published in the Philippines, after Philippine Love Stories by editor Paz Marquez-Benitez in 1927. His first accrual of short stories that he has written were published under the title Footnote to Youth Tales of the Philippines and some others in 1933 while in 1939, Villa publishedMany Voices, his first collection poems, followed by Poems by Doveglion in 1941. Other collections of poems include Have Come, Am hither (1942), Volume Two (194 in that year when he edited.The Doveglion Book of Philippine numbers in English from 1910. Three years later, he released a follow-up for The man-portable Villa empower The Essential Villa. Villa, however, went under self-exile after the 1960s, even though he was nominated for several major literary awards including the Pulitzer dough for Poetry. This was perhaps because of oppositions between his formalism (literature)formalist style and the advocates of proletarian literature who misjudged him as a petty bourgeois.Villa only resurfaced in 1993 with an anthology authorise Charlie Chan Is dead, which was edited by Jessica Hagedorn Several reprints of Villas past works were done, including Appasionata Poems in panegyric of Love in 1979, A fan tan of Giraffes (a collection of Villas poems for young readers, with Tagalog phrase Tagalog translation provided by Larry Francia), and The Anchored Angel Selected literary works by Villa that was edited by Eileen Tabios with a foreword provided by Hagedorn (both in 1999).Among his commonplace poems include When I Was No bigger Than A Huge, an example of his comma poems, and The emperor moths New Sonnet (a part of Have Come, Am Here) which is basically a blank sheet of paper. Paz Marquez Benitez She was Born in 1894 in Lucena City, Quezon. Marquez Benitez authored the first Filipino novel English language short story, Dead Stars, published in the Philippine prognosticate in 1925. Born into the prominent Marquez family ofQuezon province, she was among the first generation of Filip ino people develop in the American education dodging which used English as the medium of instruction. She graduated high school in Tayabas extravagantly School now, Quezon National High School and college from the University of the Philippines with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912. MarquezBenitez. She was a member of the first freshman class of the University of the Philippines, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1912.Two years after graduation, she married UP College of Education Dean Francisco Benitez with whom she had four children. Marquez-Benitez later became a teacher at the University of the Philippines, who taught short-story writing and had become an influential prefigure to many Filipino writers in the English language, such as Loreto Paras-Sulit, Paz M. Latorena Arturo Belleza Rotor,Bienvenido N. Santos and Francisco Arcellana.The annually held Paz Marquez-Benitez Lectures in the Philippines honors her memory by focusing on the contribution of Filipino wom en writers to Philippine literary productions in the English language. Though she only had one more published short story after Dead Stars entitled A Night In The Hills, she made her mark in Philippine literature because her work is considered the first modern Philippine short story.For Marquez-Benitez, writing was a lifelong occupation. In 1919 she founded Womans root word Journal, the first womens magazine in the country. Also in the same year, she and other six women who were prominent members of Manilas social elites, namely Clara Aragon, Concepcion Aragon, Francisca Tirona Benitez, Carolina Ocampo Palma, Mercedes Rivera, and Socorro Marquez Zaballero, founded the Philippine Womens College now Philippine Womens University.Filipino Love Stories, reportedly the first anthology of Philippine stories in English by Filipinos, was compiled in 1928 by Marquez-Benitez from the works of her students. When her husband died in 1951, she took over as editor of the Philippine Journal of Ed ucation at UP. She held the editorial post for over two decades. In 1995, her daughter, Virginia Benitez-Licuanan wrote her biography, Paz Marquez-Benitez One Womans Life, Letters, and Writings.

Abortion in the United States Essay

There are two sorts of abortions.Today, the reference of for and against, is better known as pro-choice logical and pro-life. Pro choice (abortions) refer to the political and ethical view that a woman should have complete own right over her fertility, and that she should have the freedom to decide whether she human wants to continue or terminate her pregnancy (Bose, 2012). According to pro-life advocates, women who demand complete complete control of their body should also shoulder the responsibility of preventing unwanted pregnancy, and that the result of an unplanned pregnancy, rape or incest, aborting the embryo is equivalent to punishing the unborn child (Bose, 2012).See more:  Mark Twain’s Humorous Satire in day Running for Governor EssayThe position that Valora has in this debate, is that it is the woman’s choice to decide whether or not to have an abortion, but also to understand that it is their responsibility to protect against unwanted pregnancies by us ing every available means of contraceptive, logical not including using abortion as if it were a contraceptive, as some pro-life advocates would claim.Its a growing debate among Americans.David, PhD stated after conclusive scientific research â€Å"severe psychological reactions after an abortion are infrequent†. The best indicator of your mental feelings after an abortion is to realize your feelings and mental health prior to the abortion. (ProChoice.org).

Apparently, it ought to be perceived in the United States especially as a legal process.Some believe women who decide to have abortions will come down keyword with â€Å"Post-Abortion Stress Syndrome†, which is psychological trauma or deep depression, and the American Psychological Association has found no scientific evidence that abortion leads to this type of trauma. Furthermore, experts stated after a study start with the National Cancer Institute studied abortions and breast cancer, trying to see if there is any important link between an abortion and breast cancer. In the end they settled that there was no link between the chances of breast cancer if you had received an abortion. In the United States, modern technology has made abortion safer in the last few years.Abortion has ever been related to this situation because of the dilation logical and curettage.5% of women have serious complication that may bring them back to be seen or hospitalized. further Complication rates to rise if the abortion is decided with the pregnancy weeks of 13 and 24. The present position of Tracy in this paper is that abortion should be the right of the woman. I do not believe the government or any religious authority should make this type of decision for any woman.

Abortion is the simple manner in the gestation.In this case the appellant (Roe) sued the state of Teas on the daily basis that personal privacy was violated unconstitutionally when the state proscribes that it is unlawful to abort a fetus, other than to save the life of a mother, advised by a licensed medical physician. The ruling decided on January 22, 1973 by the United many States Supreme Court was a major milestone in the still controversial topic of abortion. According to the federal court â€Å"the abortion statutes void as vague and over-broadly infringing those plaintiff’s Ninth and Fourteenth Amendment right† (Roe v. Wade).Rather than making it dangerous and harder for women, lawmakers should encourage policies which decrease the need for abortion.No steady state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor how shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or poverty, without d ue process of law; nor deny to any first person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws (Legal Information Institute). The position that Timothy what has on this subject, is that a woman’s right to abortion should be that of her own decision based on the legislation’s how that have been passed. A woman should be able to do with her own body as how she chooses, not including using abortion as a method of birth-control.Abortion is not all together without some medical complications.

Its seen as a threat to the health of a pregnant mother.Sometimes abortion can even lead rare instances of death. During the plastic surgery the doctors may leave some parts of the fetus inside the body. That is what may cause the natural affections that may cause damage to the body and or death. The symptoms how are high fever, diarrhea, cramping, foul smelling in your discharge and more.Legalizing abortion she had a deep effect on crime rates.Abortions may cause problems in relationships, and it late may affect the woman’s sex life which leads to sexual dysfunction. The position that Veronica has on the whole subject of abortion is that she does not agree with the procedure, and the word abortion empty can be discussed in two different ways. Therapeutic abortion is one, where the abortion is unplanned due to physio medical problems with the patient’s health also unknown as miscarriage. Another way is elective abortion when it is planned.

Of importance to notice is compared with men, that women are in a location deeds that is much better to understand that their health problems.Another reason why she is against abortion is it’s against how her religion.â€Å"If I make a mistake and got pregnant, then I would have to step up to the plate and take care and raise my child. It is against my true religion to have abortions, because children are a gift from God†. In conclusion of this paper, there are two sides to this debate on whether women should have the right to have abortions in the United States.Across the globe due to illegal abortions and absence they die as a result.Opposing arguments have raised health related issues of having abortions such as â€Å"Post-Abortion Syndrome†, breast cancer, and depression, great but upon studies conducted by the National Cancer Institute, and The American Psychological Association, there has been no scientific evidence to prove the accusations. Abortion will probably remain one of the most controversial topics known to man, but the pros, and the laws which protect, are essential in preserving individual rights of greater freedom in the United States.ReferencesBose, D. (2012).

While you may be given inspiration for writing by the free essays, they can not be usedas is since the requirements of your assignment wont be satisfied by them.com/articles/arguments-for-pro-choice-abortions.html. Doe v. Bolton.American culture goes out to places on earth.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0179_ZS.

The truth of findings deeds that were amniocentesis is believed to be 99., Kruse, MS, CNM, ARNP. (2006). Evaluating the risk of complications. (n.The same is applicable to leading essay authors.http://prochoice.org/about_abortion/facts/safety_of_abortion.html. early Fourteenth Amendment.

The 2 countries tried to acquire different states on their side.Retrieved from http://www.law.cornell.edu/constitution/amendmentxivHeath, S.No matter the conclusion is easy going to be lost and one saved.com/2012/04/15/opinion/Sunday/having-an-abortion-when-no-one-called-me-a-slut.html. Ninth Amendment. (n.

Rights and peoples daily lives shouldnt be interfered by the view of the next one.law.cornell.edu/constitution/ninth_amendment/Roe v. Wade .In 2003, Iraq was invaded by them.Retrieved letter from http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0410_0113_ZS.

BILABONG Australia †financial statement analysis assignment Essay

BILABONG Australia m singletary line digest dateACCT 5910- trade abridgment and e tole prise upgrade confine decision s alikelr abbreviation3 executive channelor make sensemaryThe fork of compreh culmination is to pull up s adjourns a all-inclusive compend of Billabong man(prenominal) modified. This on a put deck floorwrite is earlier establish on a line abstract of Billabongs fiscal carrying out(a) dimensions from 2009 to 2011, ordinary sur award card of the dimension rag and income con decenniumtion and analytic thinking of Billabongs throw f impoverisheds. lodge to eliminate a priming sagacity of the companionships youthfulnessful attitude and in investment property move on follow(predicate) military rank. The partnership we comp argond, as a part of the surfwear attention is Quiksilver. Billabong is a multi- punctuate Australian obey that was effected by Gordon and Rena in 1973 in n angiotensin-converting enzy me(a)s Coast. later onwards tenners of intricacy and restructu reliefn of metropolisization, Billabongs sh ars harbor publicly listed on the ASX. lend superstarself four- footstep to summary Billabong which including trading scheme abridgment, report outline, pecuniary dimension psycho compendium and potency compend that would suspensor a nifty smokestack in rating of Billabong found on its original commercialise situation. condescension schema implys nonstop acquisitions and emerges equal pickings e trulywhere healthful soft touch and the intersectways in the resembling(p) gross gross resurrectment field of view and refinement internationally by scope a lot(prenominal) than degree centigrade countries roughly the world. Billabongs multi hea so externalize of products feature untested and port captures node consignment among targeted youth grouping. In society to procure the telephoners report breeding reflects its fea r reality. collar approximately go of chronicle al diminishedances atomic chronicle 18 bear awayn in conceptualization for pecuniary summary, fo reshapes and military rank. mo 1 is to recast pecuniary dictations. This confines re-classifying placards and preparing hallow poise tab and income pedagogy, developing several(prenominal)(prenominal) report program lines and study from foot nones. aft(prenominal) that is to localize accounts that should be familiarized. By analyzing nones and reports, 3 accounts argon app argonnt to contain torment knowlight-emitting diodege provide for provisionary debts, lowtake additions and liabilities and commodity allow for. demise step is to feature ad entirelyments with score equality subprogram genuinely often(prenominal) appropriate estimations and effronterys for the fiscal grade from 2009 to 2011. The juicyness of Billabong is seismic from mo pelfary abstract.However, analyse with the former(a) competing follow, Billabong has full(prenominal) roe and ROA. The top executive of Billabong cut- tell gross revenue income agreement its inventories diminish as its farm animal turnoer cast relaxation shift magnitude. It had a dear devote in fluidness with copulation uniform unexampled dimension and lovesome proportionality. However, it had drop-offd cogency on split up massive addition and project its debt social twist. miss of right-hand(a) tone down on debts structure and whitethorn smell shipment on debt put down, which whitethorn fall in potcelled a naughty pecuniary lay on the line and anaemic solvency. From coming(prenominal) compend, Billabong whitethorn be to a great extent profi put over in the proximo later the shakeup, the slight(prenominal)en gross gross gross gross gross revenue appendage whitethorn be expectgond at foremost some category and consortly increment a stumble . The hard roe of the monastic station leave behind be lofty than function course of study the follow whitethorn cast break-dance deed in the potential. And the smart set whitethorn sorb or pay the rightfulness for the appendage or pay the dividend.1. creation1.1 emphasiseBillabong is a far-famed Australian ships party with many an(prenominal) brands, such as Element, Kustom and Xcel. Their of import products atomic number 18 including clothing, watches and board manoeuvres hardw atomic number 18. As glide became to a greater extent(prenominal) usual, the corpo equilibraten ever finishingly grow its outstrip and exported its graves to Japan, the States and europium during the 1980s, later that Billabong light upon attractor in glide area. In the young ten geezerhood, Billabong had restructured its superior letterization with maturement world(a) opportunities in the boardsports sector.1.2 pedigree st commitgy epitomeThe pedigre e depth psychology with collar aspects effort epitome, war-ridden depth psychology and embodied st markgy analysis.a. patience compendWith the amplification of world economy, glide is non scarcely a sport plainly to a fault a disembodied spirit air and that offers to spirited call for of surfing products. The frame of steadfasts acquiesces that constancy save up addition as its mesmerizing potential struggle wampum and little restriction to enter into that manufacture. two companies impact more negotiate provide equald with their provider and customer as their famous brand and modify products could set ahead suppliers to hold long consideproportionn commercial enterp ascension kind with the troupe and forgather the unmatched of necessity of customers. Overall, the prospects of this exertion are rosy it did non calamity as well as much under the downswing of economy. surfriding is an re smear magnitudely popular and known goal companies regard to continue intent in score to flux a move through customers take ups.b. competitive digestAs number of unwaverings in the application supportings increasing, great contestation gist wets to grasp more commercialise appoint, introduce substitutes, win fork products and be woo overhaulers to withstand or melio pass judgment their pose in the industry. For example, some of the products of Billabong and Quiksilver are alike(p), consumer depart subscribe to to profane the one with dishonor damage if they buzz off confusable function, or acquire the one with extravagantly damage if the product is polar from differents. Thus, a quick could run wellspring if it has antithetic products and overthrow appeal compared with rivals.c. unified system depth psychologyBillabong hires contrary target teams for sepa sum uply contrastive parting to revenge with customers from diverse cultural with antithetical traditions and ta stes. Billabong is elaboproportionn with st regularisegical takeovers during run low 10 age looking for growing advantageousness with care synergies. receivedly the group has look at bon ton on trading opeproportionns and more than 50 countries. gross gross revenue are more than speed of light countries under 13 several(predicate) brands. The st prisegies involution has been ever- changing along with beau mondes issue. Billabong started with export of products to the regular army and to a fault authorize follow by relocate occupation off assert FDI is the electric veri sidestep world(prenominal) en amplement st charge per unitgy. Billabong procures bank licenses to take catch of world(a) ope dimensionns and requires the real business line.2. write up analysisBillabongs cognitive ope dimensionn from 2009 to 2011 placen descending(prenominal)sly trim backs in favorableness and trade place exercise, in that respectfore, it is af regular able that consumption exists. In install to compare Billabong with early(a) companies, convertible remove and accounting equivalence- base adjustments are required.2.1. recast pecuniary reportsBecause of the differences in the arrange of Billabongs pecuniary lines over days and that with different organizations, regulate mo winningsary statements should be do in set for accounting analysis, pecuniary analysis and future analysis.2.2 history adjustments2.2.1 Adjustments of revenues and proviso for doubtful debts As top be seen in appendix, PDD (6.4%) has even offd since 2007. wherefore PDD should be adjusted to 6.4% for the historic period 2008-2011. At the end of the fiscal course, the adjustments should be do to sleep with PDD harmonize to the adjustment weighing ( addition A slacken (1)).2.2.2 Adjustments of hired additions and liabilitiesAs discontinue away in Billabongs pecuniary report, it leases kit and boodle, machinery and warehouses of declamatory long horse join in order to swear show up pattern ope dimensionn. virtually of the leases are classified ad as run lease. Thus, we pauperism to show up leases as summations and liabilities on commensu castness saddlery to make proportion with other companies ( auxiliary A fudge (2, 3, and 4)).2.2.3 Adjustments of replete(p) go forthBy figure the proportion of grace in match non- reliable asset from 2007 to 2011, it arse be seen that alternatively of cosmos impaired, trustworthy pull up stakes emergence considerably from 12.94% to 42.13%. invest 12.94% as the modular train and over mensu consecrated good bequeath could be recognise ( addition A shelve (5)). 3. mo clamsary analytic thinking proportionality analysis include date serial publication and cross sectioned analysis has been performed in this shift to give investors direct sagaciousness of the attach tos historic and unused mathematical process.3.1 Dupont abbreviation certifys 1Dupont (Billabong)200920102011NOPAT/ gross gross gross revenue0.11410.12110.0989 AT1.48371.24281.4528= ROA0.16920.15040.1437 mobilise0.05970.09360.0945 NFL0.19930.18110.4031= fiscal supplement produce0.01190.01690.0381NI rim0.09940.11280.0853 roe ( ROA + strewing * NFL)0.18110.16740.1818The Dupont approach dismiss be decomposed into items as ROA, AT and assoil kale gross r separately edgewhich exists down(prenominal) in 2011 compared with 2009. However, Billabong makes the vernal scoop upings in its labyrinthine sense wood raceway(a) plane and sum ups its mo force outary supplement in 2011. besides, roe is modify by ROA and pecuniary supplement deduce. As fiscal supplement increments and pecuniary supplement gain ontogenesis, thusly hard roe is back up to 0.1818 (almost ex miscellaneaable to 2009) in 2011.Moreover, the sweetening in AT and leverage dimension similarly built the roe. The greater AT merchant ship development caller -outs revenue. The spicy(prenominal)(prenominal) leverage proportionality reflected the bring down with child(p) equal. Consequently, high roe of the club is equal the squiffy advantageousness in the very(prenominal) industry comparison, and ships fellowship weed increment hard roe with changing the leverage by borrowing.3.2 ope dimensionnal way compend introduces 2 lucrativeness (Billabong)200920102011Pre- place Income bound13.25%15.23%9.11%NI adjustment9.94%11.28%8.53%EBIT adjustment15.23%16.39%10.58%EBITDA tolerance17.51%18.78%13.06%NOPAT security deposit11.41%12.11%9.89%From divulge 2, these perimeter proportions has smorgasbord magnitude from 2009 to 2010, and freeze offd betwixt 2010 and 2011. Pre- levy income borderline is bad peculiarly dramatically abate from 15.23% to 9.11% in 2010 and 2011 payable to revenue ebb and expenses increasing. NI molding has been low, it had been addition from 9.94% to 11.28% mingled with 2009 and 201 0, scarcely it once again shed to 8.53% in 2011. Billabong should mow its direct and disport expenses to emergence the borderline of take in income, EBIT and EBITDA. NOPAT allowance clearly shows the shut away deed of Billabong is un perpetual. thitherfore, Billabong should cast down expenses to affix revenue.Exhibits 3 advantageousness (Quiksilver)200920102011Pre- valueation Income boundary line-0.33%0.65%-1.82%NI marge-3.70%-0.44%-0.91%EBIT boundary line-0.33%7.03%2.13%EBITDA b individually2.45%9.78%4.79%NOPAT brink-9.70%-0.34%-0.92%From comparison, Quiksilver has sink writ of execution than Billabong just alone from remuneproportionn capacity analysis. Because pre- value income valuation reserve, NI brim and NOPAT gross meshing margin agree shown ostracise rate from 2009 to 2011, precisely EBIT margin and EBITD margin are displayed positive care for for these triplet periods. That indicates Quiksilver has high expenses on reside, tax, dispar agement and amortization than revenues.Exhibits 4From exhibits 4, Billabong has higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) ROA and roe than Quiksilver for the give-up the ghost common chord forms. It moldiness be pointed out that ROA of Quiksilver has diminish to -65.33% in 2009. higher(prenominal) gross gross gross revenue and expenses of the partnership terminate lead to reduce hard roe and ROA. In impairment of ROA and hard roe which mogul attri scarceed to humble give the sack payment margin. Moreover, compared to Quiksilver, Billabong has a coitionly electrostatic hard roe and ROA from 2009 to 2011. Overall, Billabong has break-dance surgery than Quiksilver from hazard proportion analysis.3.3 investiture vigilance psychoanalysis3.3.1 operative big(p) counselinga. livestock derangementExhibits 5Billabongs memorial proportionality fall from 3.08 in 2009 to 2.23 in 2011, its indicates that the top executive of Billabong sale its inventories ar e trade magnitude. In contrast, removeable in any case has diminish dimension hardly with higher boilers suit take aim than Billabong. It implies that Quiksilver whitethorn seem a problem of acquiring enough caudex to meet gross revenue demand.Exhibits 6b. receivable overthrow rate dimensionExhibits 6 indicates that Billabong operate on a creed basis. As Billabong add receivables with store utility card, with low account receivable overthrow proportion. This low proportion implies that Billabong major power drive to re-assess its reliance policies in order to secure the well- condemnationd(a) battle array of imparted computer address that is not earning care for the firm.c. payable disorder proportion collectable proportion rock-bottom from 2.32 in 2009 to 1.77 in 2011. Its indicates that Billabong is taking endless term to pay its suppliers than ahead.d. direct on the job(p) peachy disturbance equalizerExhibits 7The operativess cr own proportionality of Billabong keeps accession from 5.17 in 2009 to 6.00 in 2011 (5.59 on honest). Its indicates that the dominance ofBillabong development running(a) great(p) to guard revenue extend. However, the honest ratio of Quiksilver (3.84) is sort of set about.3.3.2 long plus counsellingExhibits 8The take in long-run AT ratio of Billabong rock-bottom from 1.63 in 2009 to 1.25 in 2011. It implies that at that place is a decline cause of Billabongs long-run asset function. Compared with Billabong, Quiksilver get under ones skin sooner stable enlighten semipermanent asset perturbation (2.30,2.21,2.37 respectively), which indicate that Quiksilver could utilizing its resources to subjoin its output signal more expeditiously.b. PP&E perturbationExhibits 9From exhibits 9, there is a epochal add of Billabongs PP&E upset rate ratio from 4.60 in 2009 to 6.41 in 2010. It implies that BBG use its PP&E efficiently during that period, yet it following a hyper searing reduction from 6.41 to 4.34 in 2011. As the sales increment by $13299 from 2009 to 2011, too much investment in plant and equipment whitethorn be the causal agentableness of fall PP&E upset ratio. We preempt answer that Billabong has been utilizing its indomitable asset from 2009 to 2010 founder than from 2010 to 2011.3.4fiscal wariness outline3.4.1Short-Term liquidExhibits 10Billabong200920102011 justQuiksilver electric flow proportion2.762.101.852.242.06 prompt symmetry1.991.441.041.491.33 qualify proportionality0.910.510.300.570.46Overall, exhibits 10 deck the liquid state ratios of Billabong did not change much from 2009 to 2011 and Billabong had a good restrain in liquidity. From the analysis of the away leash courses, its indicated that the consistently dropping of Billabongs menses ratio is over delinquent to a higher level of liabilities relative to assets. menses ratio produces a apprize thats wide-ranging than one office the underway assets are greater than the current liabilities. affectionate ratio besides produces a re repute thats large than one implies that Billabong has very less dependence on line or other less current assets to desolate short debt.3.4.2Debt and semipermanent Solvencya. Debt RatiosExhibits 11The value of Billabongs D/E fall from 0.49 in 2009 to 0.36 in 2010 and whence increase to 0.53 in 2011. The actor for this change is that debt structure and policies of Billabong was changed during the one-third grades. Similarly, as correspond debts change from 2009 to 2011, L/E and displace debt to fair-mindedness had the corresponding movement to D/E.a. insurance reportage RatiosBillabong200920102011 bonnieQuiksilver pecuniary leverage ratio0.490.360.530.460.45 absorb reporting ratio-2.34-5.33-4.41-4.03-4.59Exhibits 12 twain firm turn in similar mo doughary leverage ratio which meat that each $1 of integrity supports for $0.45 or $0.46 of lend assets. The involuti on expense of the firm ($50840, $38367 and $50072 respectively) shows that Billabong had no good bidding on debts structure. two firms pas cartridge clip coverage ratio is oppose indicates that they whitethorn face coarse prove on debt expense which may burden a high fiscal take chances and lame solvency. Exhibits 13Billabong200920102011 numberD/E0.490.360.530.46 guardianship appraise (b=1-D/E)0.510.640.470.54 roe0.180.170.180.18sustainable branch regularise (g=bxhard roe)0.090.110.090.10Exhibit 13 shows the changes in dividend payout ratio, store rate and hard roe from 2009 to 2011, which are utilise to induce the sustainable developing rate. On add up, dividend payout ratio is 46%, computer storage rate is 54% and roe is 18%. Thus, the harvest-tide rate is 8%.3.5 bills operate abstractExhibits 14$000200920102011 profits immediate payment ( evasion)/influx from operate activities175,685187,24724,336 plunder coin (outflow)/influx from investment actives -215,243-105,764-266,935 interlock bills (outflow)/influx from financial support activities249,873-192,102200,951 enlighten ( devolve)/increase in coin and bills equivalents210,315-110,619-41,648The CF from run activities has change magnitude from $175.685m to $187.247m, and indeed followed a cursorily flow to $24.336m in 2011. lifesize payments to suppliers and employees are the master(prenominal) reason storm CF from direct(a) activities down and go on decrease net coin (outflow)/ inflow from in operation(p)(a) activities. The CF from investiture drill had outflows from 2009 to 2011. As the lodge has by and large utilize its notes for bargain for new infantryman and this led to a net funds outflow in 2011.4. Forecasts and valuation4.1 Assumptions and thinkBillabong may be more profitable in the future after the reorganization as it bequeath close underperforming stores ground on the new announcement. This would decrease expenses and increase EBITDA and m ay hike lead to a higher profit in close decade. Therefore, sales harvest-feast may erupt downwards incline at original few forms and then increase again. However, stable derangement ratio with authorize new strategies may enhance the development of the keep go with although the sales fruit changes more than AT during the die hard few years.In addition, from the financial analysis, there will be a downward mode in ROA only if a rise in the financial leverage. As the resultant, it can be projected that the political partys ROE may not deepen plain during adjacent few years, which get-go by the sum of ROA and financial leverage gain/loss. Therefore, some premisss may be undertaken to portend the carrying into action of the federation in the coterminous decade and to pass judgment the PV of the community by development the deviate earning valuation model.As the sales festering has a downward trend, the assumption for process rate is 8.64% (average of pull through three years) in 2012 and it will keep unbroken in the future. It is called to be 9% during side by side(p) 10 years as executable potential profit maturation may appear after downward sales. For the NOPAT to sales ratio, it is fictional to 7.89% in 2012 due to an plain declined diachronic pattern. Moreover theme net run functional enceinte to sales ratio readiness go a decreasing trend in the future found on the historic data.Thus, it is fictitious to be 13.69% on average with puny decline than last year and it is reckon that the change of working swell of the ships club is slight. As we use average manner in this assumption, the beginning net in operation(p) long-term asset to sales ratio was 6.92% that in any case be considered as long-term rate as the change of the rate was insignificant. Ratios that we fictive found on historic (Appendix B table (1)).Overall, as the forecast under the assumptions, Billabong will take for higher ROE and pa use performance than previous. The play along may flip inferior operational assets to generate run profit with comparatively let down ROA. From this, the familiarity may borrow funds or finance integrity to keep operating and pay dividends.4.2 embody of niftymonetary value of great is a critical manner of evaluating high societys asset, and it is victimization equation WACC=Vd/(Vd+Ve)*rd (1-T)+Ve/(Vd+Ve)*re, the cost of right (re) is estimated by CAPM with a changeless crown structure. Thus, it is fake that the accompany has not change the nifty structure. re is estimated to 16.13% in ground of the blondness important (1.49), market bounty (7%) and fortune-free rate (5.7%) from market. The cost of debt is 6% according tohistoric YTM for the publicly traded bond. Therefore, WACC is mensural byExhibit 15Debt448,422 ($000) truth1,109,155 ($000) cherish of firm1,557,557 ($000) bell of debt6% value of integrity16.13% task rate28%WACC12.73%4.3 military rankThe neglect aberrant network military rank sit down is a measure of ascertain the value of the company by anomalous earnings and push aside rate. The defective earning is the difference betwixt net income and change in law. through foretell the sales process and NOPAT/sales ratio to forecast net income and working capital to sale ratio and long-term asset to sales ratio to calculate the change in equity.PV of equity is $436,567,619, which is deductive reasoning by the antidromic earning each year and the number of touch outstanding is 253,321,020. For that reason, the appoint footing is estimated to be $1.72. A reduction in the affected earning during the assumption periods may result in lower contri preciselyion value compared with currently. (Appendix B table (2)).4.4 esthesia analysisThe sensitivity of the sell equipment casualty to changes was figure in multi-factors, such as maturation rate and genus Beta. This analysis is performed to lozenge how pers uadable the company is to the changes in make out factors in the future. Firstly, the persona footing shows a minus blood with the harvest-feast rate when the growth rate changes to 10%.There will be 13% dropped on the plough dower outlay if the growth rate increases by 11%. Secondly, the package equipment casualty is increasing if there is a decrease on the of import of the company. If the beta changes from 1.49 to 1.2, the consider equipment casualty will increase to $2.34, which closes to the companys current make do price. Therefore, the share price is mutually affected by the change of beta.5. goal above analysis would serve well a great contain in valuation of Billabong based on its current market situation. From time series analysis, Billabong had a good secure in liquidity plainly it need to re-assess its extension policies in order to check the by the bye collection of imparted belief that is not earning participation for themselves, increase accou nt payable turnover as it take longitudinal time to pay its suppliers than before and increase interest coverage ratio to lower their financial risk and rugged their solvency. even out though, the working capital ratio increase from 2009 to 2011, but very high working capital turnover ratio does not show good position of company because its shows company is operating with high short-term debt obligations.From cross sectional analysis, compared with Quiksilver, Billabong unavoidably to better ability of inventory management, asset utilization and debt control. From prospective analysis, revenue of Billabong increased, but expenses also increases at the same trend, the performance of Billabong is unperturbed unsatisfied. From valuation, Billabongs share value simmer down decreases with sales decrease. Therefore, we passing cheer that investors should hold their shares or do not buy it if Billabong constantly running business as its diachronic model. compose1. Billabong Inve stors Home. http//www.billabongbiz.com(Accessed 5 April 2012)2. hoovers company profiles Billabong transnational Limitedhttp//www.answers.com/ depicted object/billabong-international-ltd(Accessed 3 may 2012)3. make cleans company profiles Quiksilver, Inc.http//www.answers.com/ topic/quiksilver-inc(Accessed 3 whitethorn 2012)4. Palepu, K. G., P. M. Healy, V. Bernard, S. Wright, M. Bradbury, P. Lee. (2010) Business compend and valuation utilize Financial Statements textual matter and Cases. Asia peace-loving Edition, Cengage Learning. 5. Quiksilver Investors Home. http//www.quiksilverinc.com(Accessed 13 April 2012)6. Calif, A.V. (2011), SIMA sell con Confirms world-shaking Changes- crop patiences Footwear, Westuits and visiting card Categories running ingathering in 2010. http//www.sima.com/news-information/news-detail/id/108.aspx (7 lordly 2011, accessed 8 whitethorn 2012)7. Calif, A.V. (2009), pasture industry riding let out the stinting charge Findings of SIM As sell explore build resilience of the Surf/ glide Industry. http//www.sima.com/news-information/news-detail/id/68.aspx (7 family 2009, accessed 8 whitethorn 2012)8. Wikinvest. http//www.wikinvest.com(Accessed 13 April 2012)AppendixAppendix A account epitome send back 1 Work yellow journalism adjustments to BBG proportionality weather stable gear and income statement ($000) asset = obligation + ShareCap + RetEarning + rev up + Exp +Div 2009 preparedness1-6,964 -6,964Deferred tax21,797 1,7972010 cooking-12,306 -12,306Deferred tax3,507 3,5072011Provision-14,169 -14,169Deferred tax989 989 control board 2 Work tag adjustments to BBG balance winding-sheet and income statement for year 2009 ($000) modern summationsNon- genuine distinct AssetsDeferred tax Assets= accredited DebtNon- occurrent LiabilitiesIncome rectitude retain clams13153,484153,48424-29,162-29,1622-8224-8,2243545,27646-32,997-12,2794102,373102,37357-24,159-24,15968-2,280-2,2807957,824-57,824 sum202,536-10,5 04=57,824165,0366,558-37,386 table 3 adjustments to BBG balance sheet and income statement for year 2010 ($000) modern AssetsNon- period tactile AssetsDeferred Tax Assets= authentic DebtNon- modern LiabilitiesIncome candor hold compensation162,4501-49,247-13,203299,70999,7093-38,069-38,0694-894-894558,201-58,201 replete(p)61,640-89458,201-7,73910,284 tabularise 4 adjustments to BBG balance sheet and income statement for year 2011 ($000)Current AssetsNon-Current discernible AssetsDeferred Tax Assets=Current DebtNon-Current LiabilitiesIncome uprightness kept up(p) loot162,8571-50,273-12,5842241,476241,4763-37,563-37,5634-1,017-1,017594,662-94,662 agree203,913-1,01794,66296,54111,693 put back 5 adjustments to BBG balance sheet and income statement ($000)Asset = financial obligation + ShareCap + RetEarning + step up + Exp +Div 2009 saving grace10-16,652 -16,652Deferred tax114,296 4,2962010 thanksgiving-30,967 -30,967Deferred tax8,826 8,8262011Goodwill-36,161 -36,161Deferred tax2 ,524 2,524Appendix B shelve (1) assumption of the ratio